Polystyrene (PS), with a chemical formula of (C8H8)n. It is a colorless and transparent thermoplastic with a glass transition temperature higher than 100°C, so it is often used to make various disposable containers that need to withstand the temperature of boiling water, as well as disposable foam lunch boxes.
Ordinary polystyrene resin is a non-toxic, odorless, colorless transparent particle, a glass-like brittle material. Its products have extremely high transparency, a light transmittance of more than 90%, good electrical insulation, easy coloring, good processing fluidity, good rigidity and good chemical corrosion resistance. The disadvantages of ordinary polystyrene are brittleness, low impact strength, easy stress cracking, poor heat resistance and inability to resist boiling water.
Plastic material name |
PS plastic material HIPS GPPS etc |
Material grade |
Glass fiber reinforced, carbon fiber reinforced, flame retardant reinforced, Conductive, and so on. |
Polystyrene has excellent electrical properties, especially good high-frequency properties. In addition, it is second only to methacrylic resin in terms of light stability, but its radiation resistance is the strongest among all plastics. The most important feature of polystyrene is that it has excellent thermal stability and fluidity when melted, so it is easy to mold, especially injection molding, and is suitable for mass production. The molding shrinkage is small, and the dimensional stability of the molded product is also good.
Mechanical properties
Polystyrene molecules and their aggregated structures determine that it is a rigid brittle material, which exhibits brittle fracture under stress.
Thermal properties
The characteristic temperatures of polystyrene are: brittle temperature of about -30°C, glass transition temperature of 80-105°C, melting temperature of 140-180°C, and decomposition temperature of more than 300°C. Since the mechanical properties of polystyrene decrease significantly with the increase of temperature and its heat resistance is poor, the continuous use temperature is about 60°C, and the maximum should not exceed 80°C. The thermal conductivity is low, at 0.04-0.15W/(m·K), and is almost unaffected by temperature, so it has good thermal insulation.
Electrical properties
Polystyrene has good electrical properties, with volume resistivity and surface resistivity as high as 1016~1018Ω·cm and 1015~1018Ω respectively. The dielectric loss tangent is extremely low and is not affected by frequency, ambient temperature, and humidity changes. It is an excellent insulating material.
Optical properties
Polystyrene has excellent optical properties, with a transmittance of 88%~92% and a refractive index of 1.59~1.60. It can transmit all wavelengths of visible light. Its transparency is second only to acrylic polymers such as plexiglass among plastics. However, due to the poor weather resistance of polystyrene, it will become turbid and yellow when exposed to sunlight and dust during long-term use or storage. Therefore, when using polystyrene to make highly transparent products such as optical components, it is necessary to consider adding appropriate types and amounts of antioxidants.
Chemical properties
Good corrosion resistance, poor solvent resistance and oxidation resistance.
Polystyrene is resistant to various alkalis, salts and aqueous solutions, and is resistant to low-level alcohols and certain acids.
Polystyrene is prone to aging under heat, oxygen and atmospheric conditions, causing the breakage of macromolecular chains and coloration. It is more prone to aging when the system contains trace amounts of monomers, sulfides and other impurities. Therefore, polystyrene products will turn yellow and become brittle in long-term use.
Polystyrene is easy to process and has the advantages of transparency, low price, rigidity, insulation, good printability, etc. It can be widely used in the light industry market, daily decoration, lighting indication and packaging, etc. In the electrical field, it is a good insulating material and heat insulation material, and can be used to make various instrument housings, lampshades, optical and chemical instrument parts, transparent films, capacitor dielectric layers, etc.
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